Authorities respond to thousands of calls for help annually for those in the wilderness for a variety of reasons. Many of the calls are for lost or unprepared hikers. With some foresight, many of these calls can be avoided.
The fact that you are reading this and other articles/videos on this subject makes you less likely that you will be in that group. Hundreds of thousands of dollars and man hours have been invested in extracting people from the wilderness. Lost hikers and those overcome by darkness are common avoidable calls to search and rescue.
Often times hikers are caught out in the elements unprepared. Underestimating the terrain is also a common cause for wilderness emergencies. Not dressing for unpredictable weather is another.
Study a map of the area you are going to be hiking in. Make mental notes of major landmarks and access points in and out of the area and bring the map with you along with a compass and know how to use them BEFORE you venture out..
Tell a friend or two where you are headed, even if it is a general area so that it will be easier for them to dispatch help to find you. Let them know how long you plan on being out there and what you will be bringing on a hike.
Cell phones are good to have, but don’t count on them since reception may vary. Keep the phone off to conserve the battery until you need it. Also higher elevation which overlooks your surroundings will increase the chances of cell reception.
If you are solo hiking in the backcounty, a Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) may be good insurance. It is satellite based, so as long as you have a clear view of the southern sky, you should be able to activate it to summon help.
Stay on trails and you’ll less likely to get lost and easier to be found. If you feel lost, stop and take a deep breath and take note of your surroundings as you formulate a plan and don’t panic. Thinking straight with a positive attitude will go a long way.
They say that we can survive:
- 3 Hours exposed to extreme elements
- 3 Days without water
- 3 Weeks without food
Shelter and water are the top priorities. Staying dry and warm is a part of the shelter system for me.
Exposure to the elements and dehydration are the two big killers out in the wilderness.
If you have to settle in for the night out in the woods or back country, set up a shelter first, then collect your firewood. Get as much as you can find since you’ll need to keep the fire going most of the night to keep you warm and dry. Fire also boosts your moral and keeps the wild animals at bay. Collect more dry dead branches and tree limbs than you think you’ll need.
Three of anything in the wild is perceived as a distress signal. Three blasts from your whistle periodically will alert nearby searchers to your location. Unless you know what you are doing, I do not recommend building a signal fire. The signal mirror, the type with a hole in the center, is good for signaling overhead aircraft.
Wearing moisture wicking base layer, insulating mid layer, and a waterproof breathable outer shell is most important in regulating body temperature when exerting oneself on the trail. Never wear cotton since it soaks up moisture and does not dry very fast. Remember cotton kills. Beathable raingear is important to have to minimize condensation on the inside. Synthetic blends tend to dry faster.
Good set of hiking poles are also good to have since it can also be used to set up a shelter as well as used for stream crossings.
Well broken in hiking boots, a wide brim hat can’t hurt either.
Your kit may vary from mine, but the basics should all be included.
A few energy bars won’t hurt either, although I emphasize shelter and water above food.
One of the most compact and complete kits I’ve found which covers the basics that only weighs 3.9 oz. Here is the content list for the Adventure Medical - Pocket Survival Pak
- Rescue Howler Fox 40 whistle
- Rescue Flash Signal Mirror
- 20mm compass
- Spark-Lite Fire Starter
- Tinder-Quik
- Duct tape
- Scalpel blade
- 6 ft Mil spec wire
- 50 ft heavy duty nylon thread
- Fresnel lens magnifier
- 10 ft braided nylon cord
- 4 Fish hooks 2 sinkers and snap swivel
- Heavy duty sewing needle
- 3 sq ft heavy duty aluminum foil
- Safety pins
- Pencil and waterproof note pad
This seems like a lot of gear for “just in case” scenarios, but better to have it and not need it than need it and not have it. I used to have a lot more emergency items, but have paired it down to what you see in the video.
Remember, my video does not include food or additional camping equipment.
This is the original Ten Essentials list first described in the 1930s by The Mountaineers, a hiking and mountain climbing club.
1. Map
2. Compass
3. Sunglasses and sunscreen
4. Extra food and water
5. Extra clothes
6. Headlamp/flashlight
7. First aid kit
8. Fire starter
9. Matches
10. Knife
Duration : 0:9:15
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